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Poland is sold by the West

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Lies about the Home Army
Jan Józef Lipski Social activist
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I'm familiar with all of those propaganda posters, articles in the press and so on, which used to drive us AK [Armia Krajowa (Home Army)] soldiers demented with rage. I, for instance, was critical of the leaders of the AK, but I could see that they were the same kind of Pole as I was and they had... they were acting with the best will and in good faith. I wasn't always convinced that what they were doing was wise, either before the uprising nor during it, but after the uprising, I wasn't so sure. However, when I read about them that they had something in common with the Germans, that there was a kind of collaboration with the Germans, then I was seething because I knew that this was an exceptionally damaging piece of rubbish, rejected by each one of us and only making us feel hostile towards the things that were going on around us. If I sympathised with anyone at all, it tended to be with the people who were trying to resist, although I and my friends decided that we wouldn't be doing this. Like the rest of the partisans, we were waiting for the Red Army, of course. Except that the well known poem, The Red Contagion, which wasn't composed in our part of town and so I only heard it after the war, this poem conveys what we felt very accurately. There was much discussion among our friends about this. We used to say, ‘When they come, they'll save our lives except what will happen to our lives after that?’ We were convinced that we'd be joining the polar bears, that we'd be disarmed because we knew what had happened with the partisans... with the partisan units that had tried to take Vilnius. We were convinced that we had the same thing waiting for us.

Ja znam te wszystkie... te propagandowe plakaty, artykuły w prasie i tak dalej, które nas, żołnierzy AK, doprowadzały do zupełnego szału i wściekłości. Ja na przykład byłem krytyczny w stosunku do dowództwa Armii Krajowej; ale widziałem, że to są tacy sami Polacy jak ja, którzy mieli... działali w jak najlepszej wierze i chęciach. Nie zawsze byłem przekonany i... że postępowali bardzo mądrze – ani przed powstaniem, ani w czasie powstania, ani po powstaniu nie byłem tego taki zupełnie pewny. No natomiast jak się czytało... czytałem o nich, że właśnie coś mieli wspólnego, właśnie z Niemcami, że to był rodzaj kolaboracji z Niemcami, no to człowieka szlag... trafiał, prawda, bo to widziałem, że to jest niezwykle krzywdząca bzdura i... której no nikt z nas nie przyjmował do wiadomości, a powodowało to, że czuliśmy wrogi stosunek do tego, co się dokoła dzieje. I jeżeli się z kimś sympatyzowało, to raczej z tymi, którzy próbowali konspirować. Chociaż akurat ja i moi przyjaciele doszliśmy do wniosku, że tego nie będziemy robić. Tak jak wszyscy powstańcy czekaliśmy na Armię Czerwoną, oczywiście. Z tym że ten znany dobrze wiersz „Czerwona Zaraza”, który nie w naszej dzielnicy powstał – w związku z tym ja go dopiero po wojnie poznałem – ten wiersz, no, bardzo dobrze oddawał to, co myśmy czuli. Było wiele przecież rozmów między kolegami na ten temat. Powiadaliśmy: „No przyjdą, to nam uratują życie”. Tylko pytanie co z tym życiem będzie dalej. I byliśmy przekonani, że pojedziemy na białe niedźwiedzie. No że nas rozbroją; wiedzieliśmy, co się działo z partyzant… z oddziałami partyzanckimi i powstańczymi, które to Wilno próbowały zdobyć. Byliśmy przekonani, że nasz los będzie taki sam, no więc czekało się...

Jan Józef Lipski (1926-1991) was one of Poland's best known political activists. He was also a writer and a literary critic. As a soldier in the Home Army (Armia Krajowa), he fought in the Warsaw Uprising. In 1976, following worker protests, he co-founded the Workers' Defence Committee (KOR). His active opposition to Poland's communist authorities led to his arrest and imprisonment on several occasions. In 1987, he re-established and headed the Polish Socialist Party. Two years later, he was elected to the Polish Senate. He died in 1991 while still in office. For his significant work, Lipski was honoured with the Cross of the Valorous (Krzyż Walecznych), posthumously with the Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (1991) and with the highest Polish decoration, the Order of the White Eagle (2006).

Listeners: Jacek Petrycki Marcel Łoziński

Cinematographer Jacek Petrycki was born in Poznań, Poland in 1948. He has worked extensively in Poland and throughout the world. His credits include, for Agniezka Holland, Provincial Actors (1979), Europe, Europe (1990), Shot in the Heart (2001) and Julie Walking Home (2002), for Krysztof Kieslowski numerous short films including Camera Buff (1980) and No End (1985). Other credits include Journey to the Sun (1998), directed by Jesim Ustaoglu, which won the Golden Camera 300 award at the International Film Camera Festival, Shooters (2000) and The Valley (1999), both directed by Dan Reed, Unforgiving (1993) and Betrayed (1995) by Clive Gordon both of which won the BAFTA for best factual photography. Jacek Petrycki is also a teacher and a filmmaker.

Film director Marcel Łoziński was born in Paris in 1940. He graduated from the Film Directing Department of the National School of Film, Television and Theatre in Łódź in 1971. In 1994, he was nominated for an American Academy Award and a European Film Academy Award for the documentary, 89 mm from Europe. Since 1995, he has been a member of the American Academy of Motion Picture Art and Science awarding Oscars. He lectured at the FEMIS film school and the School of Polish Culture of Warsaw University. He ran documentary film workshops in Marseilles. Marcel Łoziński currently lectures at Andrzej Wajda’s Master School for Film Directors. He also runs the Dragon Forum, a European documentary film workshop.

Tags: Armia Krajowa, Red Army

Duration: 2 minutes, 27 seconds

Date story recorded: October 1989

Date story went live: 09 March 2011